วันเสาร์ที่ 6 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2558


EXAMPLES: Inverse of Trigonometric Functions


Example 1. Find the derivative of

\[ f(x) = arcsin(3x^2) \]

Solution. Apply the Chain Rule to formula of the derivative of acrsine:

Then \[ f^{'}(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - (3x^2)^2}} \frac{d}{dx}(3x^2) \]

\[ = \frac{6x}{\sqrt{1 - 9x^4}} \]


Example 2. Find the derivative of

\[ f(x) = arctan(ax^2 + bx + c) \]

Solution. Apply the Chain Rule to formula of the derivative of acrtangent:

Then \[ f^{'}(x) = \frac{1}{ax^2 + bx + c)^2} \frac{d}{dx}(ax^2 + bx + c) \]

\[ = \frac{2ax + b}{(1 + (ax^2 + bx + c)^2} \]


Example 3. Prove that:

\[ \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}~dx = arcsin\frac{x}{a} + C, a>0 \]

Proof. Apply Substitution Rule to arcsin:

Let \[ x = au, u = \frac{x}{a} \]

Then \[ dx = adu \]

It implies that \[ \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2 - x^2}}~dx = \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2 - a^2u^2}}~(adx) \]

\[ = \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2(1 - u^2)}}~(adx) \]

\[ = \int \frac{1}{a\sqrt{1 - u^2}}~(adx) \]

\[ = \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - u^2}}~dx \]

\[ = arcsin(u) + C \]

\[ = arcsin\frac{x}{a} + C \]


Example 4. Prove that:

\[ \int \frac{1}{a^2 - x^2}~dx = \frac{1}{a} arctan\frac{x}{a} + C, a>0 \]

Proof. Apply Substitution Rule to arctan:

Let \[ x = au, u = \frac{x}{a} \]

Then \[ dx = adu \]

It implies that \[ \int \frac{1}{a^2 - x^2}~dx = \int \frac{1}{a^2 - a^2u^2}~(adx) \]

\[ = \frac{1}{a^2} \int \frac{1}{1 - u^2}~(adx) \]

\[ = \frac{1}{a} \int \frac{1}{1 - u^2}~dx \]

\[ = \frac{1}{a} arctan(u) + C \]

\[ = \frac{1}{a} arctan\frac{x}{a} + C \]

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